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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fire pit</span></span>
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<p>The defining feature of <b>fire pits</b> is that they are designed to contain <a href="Fire" title="Fire">fire</a> and prevent it from spreading. A fire pit can vary from a pit dug in the ground (<b>fire hole</b>) to an elaborate gas burning structure of stone, brick, and metal. Certain contemporary fire pit styles include <b>fire bowls</b> that can either be set in the ground or elevated on legs. <b>Fire rings</b> are also frequently included as types of fire pits; these aboveground structures serve the same function.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_types">Contemporary types</h2></div>
<p>Pre-made fire pits are the most common form of fire pits and can be purchased from a store. These are commonly made of pre-cast concrete or metal or a combination of metal table and stone. They burn usually natural gas, <a href="Propane" title="Propane">propane</a> (LP) or <a href="Bio_ethanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bio ethanol">bio ethanol</a>. Wood-burning fire pits made of metal are also quite common but are under increasing scrutiny due to fire bans and air particulate emissions.
</p><p>Natural gas and propane burners in these sorts of pre-fabricated vessels are certified under ANSI (American), CSA (Canadian), and CE (European) standards. Unregulated and uncertified fire pit burners are increasingly being scrutinized by regulatory authorities and being denied permits. Fire pits have recommended clearance to combustibles and require at least 6 feet (1.8 m) above the flame and 16 inch (40 cm) circumference from the exterior perimeter of the vessel.
</p><p>Essentially, a fire pit needs only a hole that can safely contain a fire. This can be as simple as a hole dug in the ground, or as complex as a holed-out brick or rock pillar. A wood-burning fire pit should be located at least ten feet (three meters) away from structures for safety. Use of a fire pit in adverse conditions should be avoided, and basic fire safety precautions apply.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dakota_fire_pit">Dakota fire pit</h2></div>
<p>The <b>Dakota fire pit</b> is an efficient, simple fire design that produces little to no smoke.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two small holes are dug in the ground: one for the firewood and the other to provide a draft of air. Small twigs are packed into the fire hole and readily combustible material is set on top and lit. The fire burns from the top downward, drawing a steady, laminar stream of fresh air from the air hole as it burns. Because the air passes freely around the fuel, near complete combustion is achieved, the result being a fire that burns strongly and brightly and with little or no seen smoke. The Dakota fire pit is a tactical fire used by the United States military as the flame produces a low light signature, reduced smoke, and is easier to ignite under strong wind conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>This style of fire pit is said to get its name from the <a href="Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Dakota people</a>, who used it while hunting <a href="Bison" title="Bison">bison</a> herds on the <a href="Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>. As well as resisting the strong winds of that area, the design also reduced the risk of causing a <a href="Wildfire" title="Wildfire">prairie fire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stealthfyre_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stealthfyre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fire_pits_in_history">Fire pits in history</h2></div>
<p>Many cultures, particularly <a href="Nomadic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomadic">nomadic</a> ones, would cut the turf above the fire-pit in a <a href="Turf_cutting_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Turf cutting ceremony">turf cutting ceremony</a>, replacing the turf afterwards to hide any evidence of the fire. The youth organization <a href="Woodcraft_Folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodcraft Folk">Woodcraft Folk</a> also does this.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_significance">Archaeological significance</h2></div>
<p>The remains of fire pits preserve information about past cultures. <a href="Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">Radiocarbon dating</a> from charcoal found in old fire pits can estimate when regions were first populated or when civilizations died out. Bones and seeds found in fire pits indicate the diet of that area.
</p><p>In archaeological terms fire pits are referred to as <a href="Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">features</a> because they can be seen and recorded as part of the site but cannot be moved without being destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fire_ring">Fire ring</h2></div>
<p>A fire ring is a construction or device used to contain <a href="Campfire" title="Campfire">campfires</a> and prevent them from spreading and turning into <a href="Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfires</a>.
</p><p>A fire ring is designed to contain a fire that is built directly upon the ground, such as a campfire. Fire rings have no bottom, and are simply circles made of forged metal, stones, concrete, etc. which surround and contain a fire. Manufactured steel fire rings are available in various sizes to suit every need.
</p><p>When a fire is to be built somewhere such as on a patio or in a backyard, a fire pit or <a href="Outdoor_fireplace" title="Outdoor fireplace">outdoor fireplace</a> may be better used instead. These are designed to contain the entire fire instead of just keeping it in one place.
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<p>A fire ring may be nothing more than a short, wide section of metal tube, partially buried in the ground. Slightly more advanced fire rings may be partially covered with metal bars so that the fire may be used for <a href="Cooking_on_a_campfire" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooking on a campfire">cooking</a>. These types are seen at many campgrounds. Fire rings in urban areas, such as on beaches, may be made of poured <a href="Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>. Makeshift fire rings can be constructed out of a ring of stones where pre-constructed rings are not available, but care should be taken as some stones can explode when heated due to trapped gas pockets, thermal expansion, or water contained flashing into steam.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li>
<li><a href="Rocket_stove" title="Rocket stove">Rocket stove</a></li>
<li><a href="Limepit" title="Limepit">Limepit</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBA95s3uS4E">"Dakota Fire Hole Construction"</a>. wildernessoutfitters. May 4, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/cBA95s3uS4E">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwMwTEL4N5wC&q=%22dakota+hole%22&pg=SA4-PA11">"Survival Manual Winter 2002"</a>. US Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-stealthfyre-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stealthfyre_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stealthfyre.com/the-dakota-fire-pit-origins">"The Origins of the Dakota Fire Pit"</a>. <i>Stealth Fyre</i>. April 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090902013954/http://paf.binghamton.edu/projects/hh/brochure.pdf">"Binghamton University Archeology of the Divide Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>paf.binghamton.edu</i>. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paf.binghamton.edu/projects/hh/brochure.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 2, 2009.</cite></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080810104043/http://cbs3.com/specialreports/Fire.Pit.Backyard.2.301356.html">CBS Backyard fire pit article</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paf.binghamton.edu/projects/hh/brochure.pdf">Binghamton University Archaeology on the Divide Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515232125/http://paf.binghamton.edu/projects/hh/brochure.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-05-15 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisoldhouse.com/toh/how-to/intro/0,,1636191,00.html">This Old House: Building A Fire</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="Campfire" title="Campfire">Campfire</a></li>
<li><a href="Bonfire" title="Bonfire">Bonfire</a></li>
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<ul><li><a href="Ember" title="Ember">Ember</a></li>
<li><a href="Fire_triangle" title="Fire triangle">Fire triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="Firewood" title="Firewood">Firewood</a></li>
<li><a href="Spark_(fire)" title="Spark (fire)">Spark</a></li>
<li><a href="Tinder" title="Tinder">Tinder</a></li>
<li><a href="Wood_ash" title="Wood ash">Wood ash</a></li>
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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Glossary_of_firelighting" title="Glossary of firelighting">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Autoignition_temperature" title="Autoignition temperature">Autoignition temperature</a></li>
<li><a href="Combustion" title="Combustion">Combustion</a></li>
<li><a href="Firelighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Firelighting">Friction fire</a></li>
<li><a href="Minimum_ignition_energy" title="Minimum ignition energy">Minimum ignition energy</a></li>
<li><a href="Smouldering" title="Smouldering">Smouldering</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early starters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Burning_glass" title="Burning glass">Burning glass</a>
<ul><li><a href="Solar_Spark_Lighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Spark Lighter">Solar Spark Lighter</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Fire_drill_(tool)" title="Fire drill (tool)">Fire drill</a>
<ul><li><a href="Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li>
<li><a href="Hand_drill" title="Hand drill">Hand drill</a></li>
<li><a href="Pump_drill" title="Pump drill">Pump drill</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Fire_piston" title="Fire piston">Fire piston</a></li>
<li><a href="Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li>
<li><a href="Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li>
<li><a href="Fire_striker" title="Fire striker">Fire striker</a></li>
<li><a href="Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern starters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Blowtorch" title="Blowtorch">Blowtorch</a></li>
<li><a href="Ferrocerium" title="Ferrocerium">Ferrocerium</a></li>
<li><a href="Flame_holder" title="Flame holder">Flame holder</a></li>
<li><a href="Lighter" title="Lighter">Lighter</a></li>
<li><a href="Match" title="Match">Match</a>
<ul><li><a href="Black_match" title="Black match">Black</a></li>
<li><a href="Electric_match" title="Electric match">Electric</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Piezo_ignition" title="Piezo ignition">Piezo ignition</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Char_cloth" title="Char cloth">Char cloth</a></li>
<li><a href="Chuckmuck" title="Chuckmuck">Chuckmuck</a></li>
<li><a href="Feather_stick" title="Feather stick">Feather stick</a></li>
<li><a href="Fire_pan" title="Fire pan">Fire pan</a></li>
<li><a href="Fire_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire ring">Fire ring</a></li>
<li><a href="Matchbook" title="Matchbook">Matchbook</a></li>
<li><a href="Matchbox" title="Matchbox">Matchbox</a></li>
<li><a href="Punk_(fireworks)" title="Punk (fireworks)">Punk</a></li>
<li><a href="Tinderbox" title="Tinderbox">Tinderbox</a></li>
<li><a href="Torch" title="Torch">Torch</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Arson" title="Arson">Arson</a></li>
<li><a href="Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Control of fire by early humans</a></li>
<li><a href="Firem'n_Chit" title="Firem'n Chit">Firem'n Chit</a></li>
<li><a href="Native_American_use_of_fire_in_ecosystems" title="Native American use of fire in ecosystems">Native American use of fire in ecosystems</a></li>
<li><a href="Outdoor_cooking" title="Outdoor cooking">Outdoor cooking</a></li>
<li><a href="Pyrolysis" title="Pyrolysis">Pyrolysis</a></li>
<li><a href="Pyromania" title="Pyromania">Pyromania</a></li>
<li><a href="Survival_skills" title="Survival skills">Survival skills</a></li></ul>
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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-01-19" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Fire_pit&oldid=1270513913">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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